Laskaris, Konstantinos (1434-1501):
[ De octo partibus orationis ] In Hoc Libro Haec Habentur: Constantini Lascaris Byzantini De octo partibus lib. I. Eiusdem De constructione Liber Secundus [et alia]. - Venetiis: apud Aldum [Manutium], 1512. - [294] lvs. ; 4o. [Uniform title: Grammatica; Greek and Latin] - Blank pages: l. 101b, 102a, 102b, 214b, 271b, 273a, 273b. - Type area 16,3 x 10 cm - Call number: Sch 051/165
Note:
We include Konstantinos Laskaris in the ITALI section, because he lived in Italy from the age of nineteen.
The present bilingual edition is made up of two parts that were printed separately, one containing the Greek text, the other one offering the Latin translation. In this way, Aldus Manutius was able to satisfy both types of readers - the scholars who did not need a translation, and the learners who, while studying the original text, turned to the translation as well.
After printing, the leaves of both parts were juxtaposed one by one in order to exhibit the Greek original and its translation side by side. The first double sheet starts with the title page signed ‚α‘, being the first page of the first sheet of the Greek part. The next leaf is signed ‚a‘, being the first leaf of the first sheet of the Latin part. The following leaves are signed ‚ ii‘, ‚a ii‘, ‚α iii‘, ‚a iii‘, ‚α iiii‘, ‚a iiii‘. The verso page of leaf ‚a iiii‘, however, interrupts the sequence of the grammar text; it contains the beginning of the Greek Tabula Cebetis, the following recto page offering the corresponding Latin translation. Then, the grammar text is continued with a Latin leaf, and so on. The first leaf of the second double sheet is signed ‚b‘, containig Latin text, and followed by the first leaf ‚β‘ of the second sheet of the Greek part.
This structure is explained by Aldus Manutius on fol. 2a (see our translation below). In order to put to better use the blank pages resulting from the juxtaposition of Greek and Latin text, in the middle of each double sheet he inserted a Greek literary text, the Tabula Cebetis; here, the original text is always found on the verso page, while the Latin translation is displayed on the following recto page. In our table of contents the entries referring to these insertions are marked by an asterisk (*).
Our tables of contents both refer to the Latin translation of the Greek text. Normally, when looking at a recto page (e.g. fol. 107a ) you will find its (translated or original) counterpart on the preceding verso page ( fol. 106b ); when looking at a verso page (e.g. fol. 107b ) you will normally find the corresponding text on the following recto page ( fol. 108a ). In order to simultaneously read a Greek page and its Latin version, please open two windows showing either page.
The sheets of this edition differ in length; for exact information, please see fol. 271a (Registrum operis : Textus Graecus) and fol. 274a (Registrum operis : Interpretatio Latina).
The translation of Aldus Manutius renders in Latin not only the explanations of the Byzantine grammarian, but the Greek words he is treating as well. Consequently, the Latin text, while being a most useful aid to the learner, if taken alone often does not make sense.
The Aldine edition neither numbers the text sections nor does it clearly signal by its layout the structural level of the different headings which may embrace either an entire treatise or a ‚book' (liber) or a chapter or a section of a chapter or just a paragraph. We apologize for some inconsistency in our selection and presentation of headings.
Aldo Manuzio in his Institutiones grammaticae of the Latin language in Book 3 treats the metrics of Greek and Latin simultaneously (please see our reproduction).
Summary Table of Contents:
(Title page; Preliminaries) fol. 1a
Compendium Octo Orationis Partium [...] Editum a Constantino Lascare Byzantino. Liber primus. fol. 2b
Constantini Lascaris Byzantini de Constructione quorundam verborum per genera, Liber Secundus. fol. 79b
Constantini Lascaris Constantinopolitani de nomine et verbo. Liber tertius. fol. 103b
Constantini Lascaris Byzantii De Pronominibus [...]. fol. 203b
Constantini Lascaris Byzantii De subscriptis vocalibus [...]. fol. 207b
(Table of contents, combined with the editor's preface and address to the reader). fol. 215a
De Graecarum Proprietate Linguarum Ex Scriptis De Arte Io. [ Ioannis Philoponi ] Grammatici. - (De dialectis.) fol. 215b
(Aldi Manutii De litteris graecis, ac diphthongis, et quemadmodum ad nos veniant.) fol. 275a
Abbreviationes [...] Quibus frequentissime Graeci utuntur. fol. 280a
(Several Greek texts on fol. 281a- fol. 290b , with interlinear Latin translation.) fol. 281a
(Aldi Manutii Introductio perbrevis ad Hebraicam linguam.) fol. 291aDetailed Table of Contents:
(Title page) In Hoc Libro Haec Habentur. [...] (Printer's device of Aldus Manutius: a dolphin around an anchor.) fol. 1a
(Printer's [= Editor's] Address to a former student of Lascaris) Aldus Manutius Ro[manus]. Angelo Gabrieli Patritio Veneto. S.P.D. fol. 1b
Aldus Lectori S[alutem]. [...] (Translation: In case you do not know, studious reader, how to combine our Greek text with its Latin translation and how to arrange side by side the corresponding pages and lines, when you are confronted at first with separate series of Greek and Latin quinternio sheets, please realize that you may insert the Latin in the Greek text at your will, composing one quinternio out of two or two out of one, if only you take care that the Latin page always faces its Greek counterpart. As the two pages in the middle of each quinternio sheet at first seemed superfluous, because there was no Greek page that might be combined with a corresponding Latin page, we thought it might be better, rather than wasting these pages, to use them for printing a Greek text worth reading, together with its Latin counterpart on the opposite page. Whenever one page could not accommodate the complete Greek text, the rest of this text can be found at the middle of the following quinternio. The reason why we wanted to print both the Greek and the Latin text separately is the following: We wanted to satisfy both the scholars who do not need help when reading the Greek text, and the beginners who are easily discouraged from reading Greek books, unless they see a Latin translation on the opposite page. Good bye.) fol. 2aCOMPENDIUM OCTO ORATIONIS PARTIUM ET ALIORUM QUORUNDAM NECESSARIORUM EDITUM A CONSTANTINO LASCARE BYZANTINO. - De divisione litterarum / Liber primus. - De syllaba. - De Oratione. fol. 2b
De nomine. - De generibus. - De speciebus. - De figuris. - De numeris. - De casibus. - De accentibus. - De articulo. fol. 4a - De divisione nominum. - Prima declinatio. - Secunda declinatio. fol. 4b - Tertia declinatio. - Quarta declinatio. - Quinta declinatio. fol. 6a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 9a (Continued on fol. 26a )
De contractis declinationibus. fol. 9b - De contractionibus et mistionibus [ mixtionibus ]. fol. 11b
De numeralibus nominibus. - De terminationibus adiectivorum. fol. 13a
De verbo. fol. 13b - De personis. - De temporibus. - De coniugationibus. fol. 15a
VERBUM INDICATIVUM ACTIVUM CONIUGATIONIS PRIMAE VARYTONORUM. fol. 15b
De participio. fol. 17a - Indicativa passiva. - Imperativa passiva. fol. 17b - Optativa passiva. - Subiunctiva passiva. - Infinitiva passiva. - Participia passiva. fol. 19a
De circumflexis verbis. fol. 19b - De secunda coniugatione circumflexorum. fol. 21b - De tertia coniugatione (scil. circumflexorum). fol. 23b
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 26a (Continued from fol. 9a - Continued on fol. 43a )
De in mi verbis fol. 28a - De secunda coniugatione verborum in mi. fol. 30a - De tertia coniugatione eorum quae in mi. fol. 30b - De quarta coniugatione eorum quae in mi. fol. 32bDE COGNATIONE TEMPORUM ET MUTABILIBUS ET IMMUTABILIBUS VOCALIBUS ET DIPHTHONGIS ET DE FORMATIONE TEMPORUM. ET NONNULLIS REGULIS NECESSARIIS. - De cognatione temporum fol. 34b
De attico praeterito perfecto. fol. 36a - De praeterito perfecto, et quando geminatur. - De praeterito plusquamperfecto. fol. 36b
De augumento compositorum verborum. - De formatione temporum. - De praeterito perfecto. fol. 38a - De praeterito plusquamperfecto. - De Aoristo primo. - De secundo aoristo. fol. 40a - De primo futuro. - De secundo futuro. - De formatione passivorum. - De praeterito imperfecto. fol. 42a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 43a (Continued from fol. 26a - Continued on fol. 60a )
De passivo praeterito perfecto. fol. 43b - De praeterito plusquamperfecto. - De passivo primo aoristo. - De passivo secundo aoristo. - De medio aoristo primo. fol. 45a - De medio futuro primo. - De medio futuro secundo. - De barytonorum coniugationibus. fol. 45b - De circunflexis [ circumflexis ]. fol. 47a - De verbis usque ad praeteritum imperfectum declinatis. fol. 49a
De pronominibus. fol. 49b - De praepositionibus. - De Adverbio. fol. 51a - De coniunctionibus. - De speciebus derivatorum. - De Patronymico. fol. 51b
De possessivo. - De Comparativo. fol. 53a - De superlativo. - De Diminutivo. - De Denominativo. fol. 53b - De Verbali. - De subiectis speciebus nomini.
De accentibus. fol. 55a - De puncto. fol. 55b
De praepositionibus quibus casibus construuntur et quid significant. - De monosyllabis. fol. 57a - De Disyllabis. fol. 57b
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 60a (Continued from fol. 43a - Continued on fol. 77a )Finis compendii. DE PASSIONIBUS DICTIONUM EX IIS QUAE GRAMMATICI TRYPHONIS. fol. 60b
DE ANOMALIS VERBIS PER ORDINEM LITTERARUM. - (Alpha) fol. 64a - (Delta) fol. 66a - Iota. fol. 68a - (Pi) fol. 70a - (Ypsilon) fol. 72a
FINIS ANOMALORUM VERBORUM. - De spiritibus. fol. 72b - Principium Alpha. fol. 74a
( { Graece * E:ta } ) fol. 76a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 77a (Continued from fol. 60a - Continued on fol. 94a )
Regulae de iota. fol. 77b - De diphthongis. - FINIS CUM DEO SANCTO DE SPIRItibus. fol. 79aProoemium secundi. - Constantini Lascaris Byzantini de Constructione quorundam verborum per genera, Liber Secundus. fol. 79b
De denominatione verborum, et generali constructione secundum antiquos. - Quae cum accusativo. fol. 81a - Quae ad genitivum [ genetivum ]. - Quae ad dativum. fol. 81b - Quae in accusativum primae specie [ speciei ]. fol. 83a - Quae in dativum secundae speciei. - Quae in genetivum tertiae speciei. fol. 83a - Quae post accusativum in accusativum. Quarta species. fol. 85b - Quinta species quae post accusativum dativum. - Sexta species quae post accusativum genetivum. fol. 87a
De passivis prima species. fol. 89a - Secunda species. fol. 89b - Tertia species. - Quarta species. fol. 91a - Quinta species. - Sexta species. fol. 91b
De neutris verbis. fol. 93a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 94a (Continued from fol. 77a - Continued on fol. 112a )
De mediis verbis. fol. 96a - De deponentibus activis. fol. 96b - De deponentibus passivis. fol. 98b
De impersonalibus verbis. fol. 100a
(Colophon: Valete qui legeritis, et mementote. In Messana Siciliae editum est. Anno [...] millesimo quadringentesimo sexagesimo sexto [1466] ). - De per se subiunctivis, et insubiunctivis verbis. fol. 100bALDUS MANUTIUS RO. LECTORI SALUTEM. Etsi eram typicis, litterariisque negotiis impeditus, ac immersus potius, tamen si Constantini Lascaris grammaticos libros in latinum traducerem, non putaram multum difficultatis, laborisque futurum. Sed plurimum certe fuit. [...]. Sed me nullius unquam, dum prosim, pigebit laboris. Habes praeterea Cebetis Thebani tabulam, et graece, et latine, in singulorum quaternionum medio, cura nostra, impressum, opusculum lectu dignissimum [...]. fol. 103a
Constantini Lascaris Constantinopolitani prooemium de nomine et verbo. Liber tertius. fol. 103b
Liber tertius de nomine et verbo. - Sectio prima. - De prima declinatione. fol. 105a - De secunda declinatione. fol. 111a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 112a (Continued from fol. 94a - Continued on fol. 129a )
De in i { i.e. Graece * e:ta ] finientibus. fol. 114b - De Tertia declinatione. fol. 116a - De quarta declinatione. fol. 116b - De quinta declinatione. fol. 118b
De generibus sive terminationibus nominum, Sectio Secunda. fol. 122a - De iis, quae in iis { i.e. Graece * e:s } omnibus, et primum de parisyllabicis. - Declinatio secunda. fol. 124b - De in is { i.e. Graece * e:s } plurisyllabis. fol. 126a - De in is { i.e. Graece * e:s } in us { i.e. Graece * ous } per commixtionem facientibus genetivum. fol. 126b
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 129a (Continued from fol. 112a - Continued on fol. 146a )
De in us { i.e. Graece * ous } nominibus terminatio sexta. fol. 131b - De in os { i.e. Graece * o:s }, terminatio septima. fol. 133a - De in duas consonantes desinentibus nominibus terminatio octava. fol. 133b - De in on { i.e. Graece * o:n } desinentibus terminatio XIII. fol. 135b
De in xi et psi desinentibus nominibus, sectio tertia. fol. 139b
De terminationibus femininorum nominum. Sectio Quarta. fol. 145a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 146a (Continued from fol. 129a - Continued on fol. 163a )
De terminationibus neutrorum nominum. Sectio quinta. fol. 154a
De quinque declinationibus contractorum nominum. Sectio sexta. fol. 158a - De prima declinatione contractorum. fol. 158b - De secunda flexione multipatientium. fol. 162a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 163a [Continued from fol. 146a - Continued on fol. 180a ])
De tertia flexione. fol. 165b - De quarta declinatione. fol. 167a - De quinta flexione. fol. 167bDe Verbo. fol. 169a
De praeterito imperfecto. fol. 173b - De praeterito perfecto. fol. 175a - De plusquamperfecto. fol. 177b - De Indefinito primo. fol. 179a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. fol. 180a (Continued from fol. 163a - Continued on fol. 197a )
De secundo Indefinito. fol. 180b - De primo futuro. fol. 182a - De futuro secundo. - De imperativis. fol. 184a - De optativis. - De subiunctivo. fol. 184b - De infinitis. fol. 186a - De Participiis. - De Indicativo passivo. fol. 186b
Imperativa. fol. 192a - Optativa. fol. 192b - De subiunctivo. fol. 194a - De Infinitis. - De participiis. fol. 194b - De circumflexis verbis. fol. 196a
*Cebetis Thebani Tabula. Finis Cebetis Tabulae. fol. 197a (Continued from fol. 180a )
Mixtio prima. fol. 197b - De in mi. fol. 201a
(Author's epilogue, from line 13 onward.) fol. 203aConstantini Lascaris Byzantii De Pronominibus Secundum Omnem linguam et poeticum usum. fol. 203b
Possessiva. fol. 205a - De demonstrativis. fol. 205b - De Relativo. - De Compositis. fol. 207aConstantini Lascaris Byzantii De subscriptis vocalibus, in Messene Siciliae compositum fuerat. fol. 207b
*Laudatio In Sanctissimam Dei Genetricem. fol. 210a
Valete qui legitis, et memineritis, in Messene Siciliae anno ab incarnatione dei millesimo quadringentesimo septuagesimo. FINIS. fol. 214a(Table of contents, combined with the editor's preface and address to the reader) ALDUS LECTORI SALUTEM. HOC LIBELLO ET GRAECE, ET LATINE HABENTUR HAEC VIDELICET, [...]. fol. 215a
DE GRAECARUM PROPRIETATE LINGUARUM EX SCRIPTIS DE ARTE IO. [ Ioannis Philoponi ] GRAMMATICI. - (De dialectis.) fol. 215b - Aliter de dialectis. fol. 217a - De Atticis dialectis per parteis [ partes ]. fol. 219a - De Ionica. fol. 221b
*{ Graece * PLOUTÁRCHOU PERÌ TÔ:N PARÀ Homé:ro: dialékto:n. } (The Latin translation is at fol. 234a !) (2 pages) fol. 223b
De Dorica lingua. fol. 228a - De Aeolica lingua. fol. 230aPlutarchi (tractatus falso Eustathio attribuitur; cf. fol. 215a ) de Dialectis, quae apud Homerum. fol. 234a - De Dialectis, quae ab Corintho decerptae. fol. 236b
De Attica lingua. fol. 238a
*Aldus Lectori Salutem. Errata corrigenda. (2 pages) fol. 240b
De Dorica lingua. fol. 247a - De Ionum lingua. fol. 255a
*(Errata corrigenda - continued from s241a; 2 pages.) fol. 257b
De Aeolica lingua. fol. 266b
*(Errata corrigenda fol. 269b - continued from fol. 258a ; 1 page)
{ Graece * TÉLOS. } (Colophon:) Venetiis apud Aldum mense octobri. M.D.XII. (1512) fol. 270b
(Registrum operis : Textus Graecus.) fol. 271a
(Latin text continued from s269b) fol. 272a
(Registrum operis : Interpretatio Latina.) fol. 274a
(Printer's device) fol. 274b(Title page of the second part) fol. 275a
(Printer's preface) Aldus Manutius Romanus Studiosis adolescentulis S. P. D. fol. 275b
(Aldi Manutii De litteris graecis, ac diphthongis, et quemadmodum ad nos veniant.) - ALPHABETUM GRAECUM. fol. 276a
Quemadmodum litterae, ac diphthongi graecae in latinum transferantur. fol. 278a
ABBREVIATIONES PERPULCHRAE SCITU, QUIBUS frequentissime Graeci utuntur indifferenter et in principio et in medio et in fine dictionis. fol. 280a
ORATIO DOMINICA. - Salutatio Angeli ad Beatissimam Virginem. (The Greek texts on fol. 281a-290b are accompanied by an interlinear Latin translation.) fol. 281a - Symbolum Apostolorum. fol. 281b - Evangelium sancti Ioannis. fol. 282a
AUREA CARMINA PYTHAGORAE. fol. 282b - (Phocylidis Poema ad bene beateque vivendum) VERSUS IN PHOCYLIDEM. - IN EUNDEM ALTERI. fol. 284b
(Aldi Manutii Introductio perbrevis ad Hebraicam linguam.) Aldus Studiosis S[alutem]. Quoniam hebraicam linguam necessariam esse existimamus ad sacrae scripturae cognitionem, nunc Alphabetum, et litterarum combinationes, et alia quaedam damus, quo legere hebraice condiscatis. Deinceps institutiones Grammaticas, dictionarium, et sacros libros, si haec placuisse cognovero, Deo volente, dabimus. Valete. fol. 291a
Oratio Dominica (in Hebrew script, with interlinear transcription and Latin version) fol. 293a - Titulus Graece Latine et Hebraice in Cruce Domini. fol. 294b