HELIUS EOBANUS HESSUS, DE CASU MOGUNTIACENSI

(ca. May 1539)


Text submitted by Harry Vredeveld (21 June 2010). I have retained the orthography and punctuation of the manuscript, but expanded the abbreviations and normalized the use of i/j.
        I am grateful to the Zentralbibliothek, Zürich, for permission to publish this provisional text, based on a photocopy kindly provided by the library. I also want to express my thanks to Rainer Henrich for generously alerting me to its existence.


On Sunday night, 1 December 1538, the nobleman Wilhelm von Bicken was murdered in Mainz. A canon at the cathedral of Mainz, he and a friend of his had been walking the streets looking for sex, when they ran into a group of tradesmen. A brawl ensued in which both nobles were badly wounded. Stabbed through the throat, Von Bicken fled into a prostitute's house, where he died shortly afterward. See D. Fritz Herrmann, Die Protokolle des Mainzer Domkapitels, 3:2 (1932; repr. Darmstadt, 1974), 775, n. 2; Friedrich Schütz, "Die Ermordung des Domkapitulars Wilhelm von Bicken am 1. Dezember 1538 in Mainz," Siegerland 50 (1973) 1/2, 18-22.
        Before long, legends arose in Protestant circles about the scandalous death. A priest in Mainz, so the story went, had boasted at a drinking party that he was man enough to kill Landgrave Philip of Hesse. Drunk as a fiddler, he went upstairs to his room to don his armor. Fearing that he might start a fight, however, his concubine unceremoniously locked him into his room. But the priest would not be denied. He knotted sheets together, hung them from the window, and fell to his death.
        The story is told at length in a polemical poem published under the title, Warhafftige Newe zeytung/ von einem Thumpfaffen zu Mentz [Zwickau, 1539] - a reprint of a Strasbourg edition of 1539 (now lost). See also Erasmus Alberus, Eilend aber doch wol getroffen Controfactur / da Jörg Witzel abgemalet ist / wie er dem Judas Jscharioth / so gar enhlich sicht (n. pl., n. d. [1543]), sig. A4r-B2r: " Ein anders von einem Pfaffen hat sich zu todt gefallen itzt neulich zu Mentz. "
        Philip Melanchthon thereupon recounts the legend to Justus Jonas in a letter of 14 March 1539, sent from Frankfurt am Main: "Moguntiae accidit res ridicula: Quidam sacerdos in convivio 'Thrasonice' fortitudinem suam praedicavit et multa minatus est Macedoni, dixit se illi cataphractum occursurum esse. Abit igitur e convivio furens vino et naturae morbo, induit panopliam. Concubina ianuam claudit, ne ille furiosus aliquam pugnam ordiatur. Inclusus magis insanit seque suspensis lodicibus demittit per fenestram, cumque essent ruptae lodices, delapsus illiditur solo, ita ut postridie mortuus sit. Historia vera est, quae fortassis est omen earum rerum, quae nostris inimicis impendent." See Melanchthons Briefwechsel, T 8 (Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt, 2007), 344, no. 2161, paragraph 2.  A few weeks later, the theology student Rudolf Gwalther also remarked on the story. Writing from Basel to Heinrich Bullinger on 4 April 1539, Gwalther comments: "Mitto hic tibi historiam canonici Moguntinensis, quae verissima est; Argentinam enim a Franckfordia missa Bedroti consilio typis excusa est, quam deinde Bedrotus ad me misit. Hi sunt nimirum sacrifecum conatus, his etiam divina providentia sortiuntur exitus. Hessus [Landgrave Philip] nunc securus vivet tali et tam truculento, si diis placet, persecutore liberatus." See Heinrich Bullinger, Werke. Zweite Abteilung: Briefwechsel, 9 (Zürich, 2002), 93-94, no. 1248, ll. 3?8, with n. 2).
        It is against this background that we can understand Eobanus Hessus' poem.
        Early in the spring of 1539, it appears, the Hessian chancellor Johann Feige had sent Eobanus a copy of the Warhafftige Newe zeytung and asked him to turn it into Latin verse. The resulting poem can be placed in ca. May 1539, for at ll. 29-30 Eobanus alludes to the recent brilliant comet. This must be the comet C/1539 H1 (April/May 1539). Peter Apian (Ingolstadt) observed it in the evening sky on May 17. Philip Melanchthon mentions it in Ep. 2202, not long after 15 May 1539. See further: Gary W. Kronk, Cometography: A Catalog of Comets, 1: Ancient-1799 (Cambridge, 1999), 307.
        Eobanus' own ms. of the poem has been lost. Fortunately, his friend Rudolf Gwalther made a copy of it at Marburg in the summer of 1540. The ms. has been preserved in a collectanea of Latin poems compiled by Gwalther and now in Zürich, Zentralbibliothek, Ms. D 152, folios 149r-152r. In a covering letter to Heinrich Bullinger, written at Frankfurt am Main on 15 September 1540, Gwalther explains how he obtained a copy: "D. Eobanus, cuius hic tibi mitto imaginem, gravissimo morbo decumbit. Metuo, ne convalescat; premitur enim et annis et morbo. Opus Fastorum inceperat, cuius mihi exhibuit initium. Deus certe orandus, ne morte sua laudatissimum opus impediat. Mitto praeterea carmen eiusdem de casu Moguntiaco, quod mihi soli, ut transcriberem, tradidit. Ego bona fide promisi me nulli traditurum typographo; quare cura, quaeso, ne in alicuius manum perveniat. Aedetur ab ipso authore, cum omnia opera sua simul excudentur." See Heinrich Bullinger, Werke. Zweite Abteilung: Briefwechsel, 10 (Zürich, 2003), 161, no. 1420, ll. 33-40. Gwalther's letter makes clear that Eobanus intended to publish the poem himself in a new edition of his collected works.  The poet's death on 4 October 1540 cut short these plans.



[149r]

                  De casu Moguntiacensi qui contigit in conventu
                  Principum Frankforti habito, Anno 1539
                  H. Eobani Hessi [Greek:] autoschediasma,
                  [roman:] ad clarissimum D. Ioannem Ficinum
                  Cancellarium Hessiae




                  Nostrarum Ficine decus patriaeque lyraeque,
                       O vir non meritis quam pietate minor,
                  Qui sane tam propriis nomen virtutibus imples,
                       Qui quod es id vera diceris esse fide.
5                Cui mea se debet totam debere fateri
                       Musa sua tandem digna quiete frui.
                  Sunt tamen haec alias dicta et dicenda supersunt
                       Plurima, nunc aliud quod caneremus erat.
                  Nunc tibi mira novi libuit describere casus,
10                   Facta apud externos vix habitura fidem.
                  Quae quia sunt nobis a te suggesta, fatemur
                       Deberi officio carmina nostra tuo.
                  Sive notant aliquid praesagia saepe futuri,
                       Et rectam inveniunt praevia signa fidem.
15              Seu temere humanis incurrunt talia rebus,
                       Et nisi quod fiant nil rationis habent.
                  Nec signis aliquem dubiis debere moveri
                       Ut quidam falsa relligione canunt.




[149v]

                  Haud ego crediderim quicquam sine numine divum
20                   Rebus in humanis stare, venire, trahi.
                  Exemplis libeat si forte probantibus uti,
                       Non ea de veteri sunt repetenda Caho.
                  Pluribus haec aetas est plena sed omnia dici
                       Carmine nec debent nec potuere brevi.
25              Atque ut praeteream variis tot monstra figuris
                       Aedita quot paucos vidimus ante dies
                  Ignifero gladios quis nescit in aere visos?
                       Quis commissa virum proelia, tela[,] faces?
                  Pestifero diri fulserunt igne Cometae,
30                   Insolita facie lumina solis erant.
                  Effectus sortita suas sunt ista, nec ulla est
                       Quae sua non fuerit signa secuta fides.
                  Quae quoniam nobis aliis sunt scripta libellis,
                       Haec nec opus fuerit, nec memorare libet.
35              Ad rem progredior quae nuper ut aedita certo est,
                       Sic certam populis debet habere fidem.

                  Urbs Alpinigenae peramaeno in littore Rheni
                       Dicta est Romana voce Moguntiacum.
                  Dives opum, praeclara viris, celeberrima cultu,
40                   Sed nimium luxu perdita tota suo
                  Illic Thrasynoum quendam de gente sacrata
                       (Hoc illa solum regnat in urbe genus)
                  Dum sedet et placidi vertit crateras Iacchi
                       His comitum turbae consuluisse ferunt,
45              Quid socii? quid nunc restet, quod prosit agendum?
                       Dum nobis bellum turba prophana parat.




[150r]

                  Dum nobis extrema duces quos secta Lutheri
                       Efferat, ingenti fata minantur ope.
                  Nam quid agant aliud nisi nostra negotia tractent
50                   Ad vada Traiecti proxima Franciaci?
                  Praecipue quo nunc nimium vicina superbit
                       Hessia, Dux opibus fortior illa suis,
                  Huic ego consulerem sumptis occurrere in armis
                       Si qua mei similes arma movere volent.
55              Nam quibus insidiis, qua vi, quibus artibus illum
                       Aggrederer, vobis dicere posse leve est.
                  Dixit, et insidias belli monstrabat et artes
                       Depingens digitis hostica castra suis.
                  Hoc urgendus erat, circumveniendus in isto,
60                   Hoc manus occulto nostra tenenda loco,
                  Hac fuit in fraudes ducendus parte paratas,
                       Heic pedes, hoc tumulo noster habendus eques.
                  Taliter expugnans Hessum inter plena Philippum
                       Pocula, non plenum hoc esse putabat opus.
65              Surgit et ascendens taciti conclave cubilis
                       Armata inde manu mox rediturus erat.
                  Sed hoc sacer ille fuit velandus amictu
                       Ara recens ista veste dicanda fuit.
                  Dicta probaturus sua Martia testibus armis,
70                   Iam sua non segni corripit arma manu.
                  Hoc animadvertens illi muliercula pellex
                       Ostia productis obserit obicibus.
                  Namque verebatur sapiens matrona moveret
                       Ne forte hospitibus bella cruenta suis.




[150v]

75              Quippe ferox armis facile exardescit in iras
                       Si non qua voluit quaque iubebat eas.
                  Ille miser posita veluti deprensus in arca
                       Vere minax primum terribilisque fuit.
                  Mox ubi contemnique minas solumque relinqui
80                   Se videt, et reducis signa nec ulla viae.
                  Aestuat ut foribus refractis exeat, et se
                       Vindicet irata sumpta per arma manu.
                  Quin potius totam dormires improbe noctem
                       Post paulo haec rabies poena futura tua est.
85              Quaelibet iratis (verum est) furor arma ministrat,
                       Invenit hic etiam, qua redimatur, opem.
                  Lintea nobilibus detraxit stragula lectis
                       Nectens artifici mollia lora manu,
                  Atque ita ceu funem trabe dum connectit ab alta,
90                   Qua videt affinem celsa fenestra viam.
                  Se male connexo laqueo committit et audet
                       Credere se vetita posse venire via.
                  I nunc indoctos dic pinguia sacra colentes,
                       I nunc ingenium talibus esse nega.
95              Pondere iam gravis ipse suo, gravioribus armis
                       Dum miser et coelum pendet et inter humum.
                  Perfida confracta est resolutis machina modis
                       Hei mala nec domino lintea fida suo.
                  Ille cadit praeceps lapidosae illisus arenae
100                 Et caput et laceram fractus, et ossa, cutem.
                  Qua licet et sequitur vox aegra inclamat amicos
                       Iam nec eques bello, iam nec ut ante pedes




[151r]

                  Protinus accurrunt et quem dormire putabant
                       Vix vivum inveniunt seminecemque levant.
105            Sic paulo ante ferox animo bellique peritus
                       Militia primus concidit ipse sua.
                  Unius ingenio sapientis recta puellae
                       E medio aufertur tantus in arma gygas
                  Namque dies casum quae tertia deinde secuta est
110                 Extulit invicti mortua membra viri.
                  Sic perit Hessiacum dum vincere gestit Achillem
                       Ebrius ad dulci pocula plena mero.
                  Ne tamen in tantis inglorius occubet armis
                       Virtutis titulum debet habere suae
115            Quodque illi posito scribant in marmore carmen
                       Hoc habeant tali proxima turba viro.
                  ¶ Si breve Thrasynoum potuisset claudere bustum
                       Non foret invicti gloria tanta viri,
                  Nunc posita hic tantum sunt corporis ossa sepulti
120                 Solis utramque domum fama superstes adit.
                  Pro patria pugnans et pro pietate suorum
                       Insidiis cecidit Bache prophane tuis

                  Nunc age, dulce decus meum Ficine, canamus
                       Amplius an temere talia casus agat.
125            An quicquam possit res haec signare futuri,
                       Quis lateat nodus, quidve subesse queat.
                  Tristia bella quidem merito execrabimur omnes
                       Avertatque volens ista futura Deus.
                  Si qua futura tamen moveant nec tuta sequantur,
130                 Nec placida possint ocia mente pati,




[151v]

                  Talibus ostentis deus admonet arma moventes
                       Ne tacita pergant nectere fraude dolos.
                  Neve per insidias studeant his velle potiri
                       Quae nequeant alia conditione geri.
135            Sicut enim nostrum sacer ille expugnat Achillem
                       Ebrius astantes inter et ante cyphos,
                  Sic Deus illorum fatuabit pectora ut armis
                       Incerto titubent ebria turba gradu.
                  Sicut et ille fuit propria conclusus in arca,
140                 Sic deus hos propria fraude perire dabit.
                  Sicut et interiit muliebri hic perditus astu,
                       Sic facile illorum conteret acta Deus.
                  Sicut et haerentem male nexuit ille catenam,
                       Sic laqueas franget quos posuere mali.
145            Sicut et ille cadens fracta cervice, supremum
                       Ipse sibi ascivit sumpta per arma diem.
                  Sic deus armatos perdet quicunque in apertum
                       Perpetuo verbum quod manet, arma ferent.
                  Quo genus hoc etiam sese extulit altius, illo
150                 Haud temere lapsu sed graviore cadent.
                  Franget enim laqueos omnes deus ipse superbi
                       Ipsum se aequantis [aequantes ms.] per sua facta Deo.
                  Praedicens moneo sibi ne confidere pergant,
                       Ex alto casus durior esse solet.
155            Qui si noluerint verum parere monenti
                       In laqueos coeci, quando ita iuvit, eant.
                  Quos quia non potuit per tot sua [mea ms.] scripta Lutherus
                       Sit vetitum nugas posse monere meas.




[152r]

160             Sed mea recta fuit dum cogitat ista voluntas
                       Et functa officio est nostra Thalia suo.
                  Haec tibi tam subitis Musis Ficine canebam
                       Quam tua nota mihi est et bene culta fides.
                  Tu mea magnanimo commenda scripta Philippo
165                 Tempore si quando commodiore potes.
                  Vive vir aeterna meritis dignissime fama,
                       Quaque potes vatem respice parte tuum.




Letzte Änderung: 07/2010